What best describes the DSM-5 criteria for Substance Use Disorder?

• A. A single episode of heavy use causing impairment.
• B. A problematic pattern leading to impairment or distress with at least 2 of 11 criteria within 12 months.
• C. Craving alone without other consequences.
• D. Symptoms must require hospitalization.

Answer: (B)

The key idea is that Substance Use Disorder in the DSM-5 is a pattern of problematic substance use that causes impairment or distress, assessed by at least two of eleven diagnostic criteria within a 12-month period. It’s not about a single episode or a craving by itself. The presence of two or more criteria within a year signals the disorder, and the more criteria present, the more severe the condition (two to three is mild, four to five moderate, six or more severe).

The eleven criteria cover areas like taking more or for longer than intended, unsuccessful attempts to cut down, spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering, cravings, failing to meet major role obligations, continuing use despite social or interpersonal problems, giving up important activities, using in hazardous situations, continued use despite physical or psychological problems, tolerance, and withdrawal.

So the description that matches this understanding is that a problematic pattern leading to impairment or distress with at least two of these criteria within 12 months best captures how the DSM-5 defines Substance Use Disorder.